Idiopathic left innominate vein stenosis during pacemaker implantation with venoplasty in a retrograde approach
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction Left innominate stricture or stenosis after hemocatheter insertion or pacemaker lead insertion is not an uncommon vascular complication. However, spontaneous left innominate venous stricture has not been reported. We present a case with spontaneous left innominate vein stenosis in a patient with history of open heart surgery during pacemaker implantation. Retrograde channel from the right femoral vein was delineated with a coronary guiding catheter followed by repeated venoplasty in the left innominate vein to allow pacemaker lead access.
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